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Bitcoin focuses on decentralization, capped supply (21M), and store-of-value narrative. Its scripting is intentionally limited to reduce attack surface.

Ethereum prioritizes programmability and ecosystem growth: smart contracts, token standards (ERC-20/721), DeFi, and NFTs all build on Ethereum.

Consensus differs: Bitcoin still uses Proof of Work (PoW); Ethereum switched to Proof of Stake (PoS) at the Merge in 2022, cutting energy use by ~99.95%.

Block times: Bitcoin ~10 minutes per block; Ethereum ~12 seconds per slot—better suited for interactive applications.

They are not purely zero-sum. Many investors view Ethereum as the application/settlement layer and Bitcoin as digital gold—complementary roles with high correlation but different drivers.